What Is the Hierarchy of Controls and Why Is It Important?

Workplace safety can’t be about reacting to hazards after they happen. It has to be proactive, and it has to be about choosing the best way to prevent harm before an incident occurs. An integral way to achieve this is by implementing a simple tool; the WHS hierarchy of controls.

The hierarchy of controls is a structured and reliable method for handling workplace hazards. Its core purpose is simple. It presents a systematic way to minimise or even eliminate risks rather than relying on guesswork or quick fixes.

Understanding the hierarchy of control in Australia is important because it forms the basis of workplace safety expectations under WHS legislation. It also informs any guidance material such as codes of practice in WHS. 

What is the hierarchy of controls?

The hierarchy of control WHS is a step-by-step approach that enables any business to manage their workplace hazards. Think of it as a framework that supports employers in choosing the most effective safety measures available.

One important factor is that it doesn’t treat all controls equally. The hierarchy instead ranks them in order of effectiveness. Controls that remove the hazard entirely are considered the strongest, while controls that only protect the worker are considered the weakest.

The hierarchy also works alongside documented safety processes such as occupational health and safety OHS procedures, as well as any broader approaches to managing a safe working environment. When working in tandem, these systems help businesses administer safety consistently.

If you are unsure about terminology, understanding the difference between OHS and WHS can also help explain why the hierarchy is referenced in modern safety regulations.

The 5 levels of the hierarchy of controls

The hierarchy ranges from the most effective to the least effective. The end goal is always to apply the highest level possible.

1. Elimination

Elimination means completely removing the hazard from the workplace. If the hazard no longer exists, the risk disappears.

An example of this might look like performing work at ground level instead of working at heights, redesigning a process to remove manual handling, or removing a toxic chemical from production.

If elimination is possible, there is no better solution.

2. Substitution

If elimination cannot be achieved, substitution is the next best option. This involves replacing the hazard with a safer alternative to minimise the risk.

Examples include switching to less hazardous chemicals, choosing quieter equipment to reduce noise exposure, or selecting safer building materials.

This is a highly effective option because it still reduces risk, but it enables the task to continue.

3. Engineering controls

Engineering controls involve physical changes that separate workers from hazards. Instead of relying on behaviour, they provide protection through design.

Examples include machine guarding, ventilation systems, enclosed workspaces and physical barriers.

These controls are highly effective because by their nature they protect workers automatically.

4. Administrative controls

Administrative controls put the focus on changing how the work is performed. This can come in the form of altering procedures, supervision and safety instructions.

Examples include safe work procedures, training programs, job rotation, warning signs, or scheduled maintenance activities.

Administrative controls are extremely useful, but they do depend on consistent human behaviour. This makes them less reliable than higher-level controls.

5. Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Personal protective equipment acts as the final level of the WHS hierarchy of controls. PPE protects the worker, but importantly does not remove the hazard.

Examples include gloves, safety glasses, respirators, hearing protection and hard hats.

PPE is important, but it should never be the only control measure at your disposal. The best results come from combining PPE with other, more holistic high-level solutions.

Implementing the hierarchy of controls

The correct approach is to work through the hierarchy from the top down. Elimination should always be considered first before moving to lower levels.

In many workplaces, multiple controls are required. For example, a noisy machine may be enclosed, supported by safe work procedures, and paired with hearing protection. Layering controls provide stronger protection than relying on a single measure.

The hierarchy is specifically designed to support practical decision-making. It helps businesses choose controls that actively reduce risk instead of simply managing exposure.

Mapping out the key considerations

When applying the hierarchy of control in Australia, businesses must consider whether a control is suitable for the task and workplace conditions. Some hazards cannot be fully removed, but they can still be significantly reduced.

Cost is also a factor, but safety should remain the priority. The long-term cost of an incident often exceeds the cost of prevention.

Worker involvement is essential. Employees understand how tasks are performed and often identify realistic improvements. Consultation also increases compliance and strengthens safety culture.

Control measures should also be reviewed regularly. Changes in processes, staff, or equipment can affect how effective a control remains.

What’s possible with the hierarchy of controls

Using the hierarchy of control WHS approach leads to safer workplaces and clearer decision-making. Hazards are addressed at their source, which significantly reduces injuries and illnesses.

It also supports compliance with WHS regulations and demonstrates a structured approach to risk management. Businesses often see improved productivity because fewer incidents interrupt operations.

Workers feel more confident when risks are managed properly. This improves morale and encourages stronger participation in safety programs.

Final thoughts

The WHS hierarchy of controls is one of the most practical tools available for managing workplace risk. It provides a clear structure for choosing the safest solution and helps businesses avoid relying only on training or protective equipment.

By focusing first on removing hazards and then applying layered protections, organisations can prevent incidents, protect workers, and maintain consistent operations. Applying the hierarchy of control in Australian business means safety becomes easier to manage and far more effective.

Contact WHS Monitor today to see how our platform supports safer, more compliant operations. Take the complexity out of your WHS and protect your business today.